Initiated by Rasa Smite and Raitis Smits from Re-Lab in Riga, Latvia, Xchange is an international community of artists, broadcasters and musicians who work together on projects which relate to broadcasting online. There are now approximately 140 organisations and individuals subscribed to the Xchange mailing list. The group's personality is informed by process based activities. Tools, such as live performance, audio streams of ebbs and skews, regular netcasts, are vehicles which survey the region of sound online. The interface is a common piece of software: currently the Real Audio client. However, as Xchange participant Zina Kaye notes, "the experience is developing so that the computer is being lifted off the ground and the stream is rebroadcast via mini-fm transmitters. The interface is naturally moving once again to wireless communications, and from here perhaps the future lies in mobile phone communications and computer walk mans."
Contributors include:
Radio Ozone (Latvia)
convex tv. (Germany)
r a d i o q u a l i a (Australia)
Backspace Radio (UK)
irational (global)
l'audible (Australia)
Ministry of Experiment (Slovenia)
DFM (Netherlands)
Radio Lada (Italy)
Pararadio (Hungary)
Radio Internationale Stadt (Germany)
Interface (UK)
Radio TNC (France)
FRO (Austria)
Radio Helsinki (Austria)
CCS (Canada)
xchange radio activitat:
Net.Radio Days, Berlin, Germany, June 98
Net Radio Unlimited, ASU, London, UK, July 98
OpenX, Ars Electronica98, Linz, Austria, September 98
Comm-Xchange98, Basel, Switzerland, September 98
Xchange Unlimited, Riga, Latvia , November 98
<___radio texts_ikons_______>
This interview with Rev. Dwight Frizzel and Jay Mandeville, two American pioneers of radio art, provides an illuminating and uplifting insight into the history and context of experimentation with communications technologies.
Tetsuo Kogawa, founder of the miniFM movement in Tokyo Japan, in the early - mid 1980s, continues to be one of the most eloquent commentators and practitioners of radio art. His website archives his writings, and includes practical information about establishing miniFm systems.
Josephine Bosma is a writer, criic and radio practitioner from Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Her seminal coverage of developments in sound and radio practices has provided documentation in the form of interviews, reviews and essays about many important episodes in the recent history of sound practice. This URL is a link to her catalogue essay, " ", published in the 1998 Ars Electronica catalogue, INFOWAR. It discusses artists responses to streaming media and documents the emergence of collectives such as Xchange.
1893
Nikola Tesla (Smiljan, Lika) makes the first experiments of high frequency electric currents - the first demonstration of wireless communication. In his articles and lectures Tesla describes in detail his first radio apparatus. Later he invented a telephone repeater, the rotating magnetic field principle, the polyphase alternating-current system, the induction motor terrestrial stationary waves, alternating-current power transmission, Tesla coil transformer, wireless communication, radio, fluorescent lights, and more than 700 other patents.
http://www.nashville.com/~phil.hamilton/spark.htm
http://www.concentric.net/~Jwwagner/index.shtml
http://www.neuronet.pitt.edu/~bogdan/tesla/links.htm
http://www.yurope.com/org/tesla/uvode.htm
http://mmm.simplenet.com/frames/biographies/telsa_nikola/telsa.html
http://www.invent.org/book/book-text/102.html
1895
Guglielmo Marconi (Bologna, Italy) builds the equipment and transmitted electrical signals through the air from one end of his house to the other, and then from the house to the garden. These experiments are historically known as the dawn of practical wireless telegraphy or radio. On December 12, 1901, he received signals from across the ocean.
http://www.wsone.com/fecha/marconi.htm
http://www.alpcom.it/hamradio/wav/
June 21, 1943
Case No. 369 - the U.S. Supreme Court overturns Marconi's basic patent for the invention of radio because Tesla's patent on the four-tuned circuit predated Marconi's patent.
